Conceptual Framework of Adrenal Stress Index
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Comparisons


COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES & BENEFITS

 Saliva Tests  Serum Tests  Urine Tests
Real Life Adrenal Function Evaluation:

Multiple Salivary Specimens.
Can be collected under real life situations, at work, at home, etc.
Hormone values reflect real life physiological conditions and responses.
Serum collection requires clinic visit and creates apprehension due to anticipation of venipuncture. This causes artificial increase in cortisol.
Only approximates real life conditions.
24 -hour urine has metabolites of the hormones and is not time specific and does not reflect time sensitive hormonal and stress responses.
Ease of Collection:

Saliva is easilty collected by the patient.
Serum tests require clinic staff and disruption of routine schedule of patient. 24-hour urine collection is cumbersome and time consuming, especially for women.

Minimal Biohazard:

Patient collects sample with minimal biohazard to clinic staff.

Serum collection is biohazardous to clinic staff especially with AIDS and Hepatitis. Urine collection is minimally biohazardous to clinic staff.

Time Specific:

Multiple saliva samples collected at different times allow evaluation of hormonal stress response and circadian rhythm.

The routine single serum sample does not allow circadian rhythm evaluation, i.e., no real time component  24-hour urine is absolutely time non-specific and does not reflect circadian rhythm variation at all.

Comparisons (continued)
 Saliva Tests Serum Tests Urine Tests

Bioactive hormonal fraction:

Salivary cortisol reflects the unbound bioactive hormone level to which living cells are subjected. This is the hormone level that needs to be evaluated.

 Routine serum hormone testing reflects total hormone level not the bioactive fraction. Total levels are crude estimates of unbound bioactive hormone. Urine hormones reflect production and catqabolism and do not reflect tissue level hormone concentrations that living cells are exposed to. Urine hormone interpretation is very misleading.

Therapeutic discrimination:

Because the ASI can sub classify adrenal dysfunction into time related values, B sub classes of dysfunction are thus discernable.
Consequently, therapeutic options are expanded and treatments are very specific.

With serum and urine testing, results are reported as: high, low, or normal.
Hormone values & treatment options are limited and not always synchronized and harmonious with the natural circadian cycle of the patient.
A crude approach to therapy.
 (see listing under serum itesting)


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Kent, Washington 98032
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